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Steady-State and Dynamic Performance Evaluation of Direct Power Control in AC-DC Converters Under Voltage Unbalance
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Keywords
Direct Power Control
AC-DC Converter
Voltage Unbalance
Steady-State Analysis
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Abstract
This research presents a comprehensive evaluation of Direct Power Control (DPC) strategies for three-phase AC-DC converters under unbalanced voltage supply, focusing on both steady-state performance and dynamic response. Voltage unbalance in power grids introduces negative-sequence currents and oscillatory power components, which degrade converter performance, increase harmonic distortion, and challenge voltage regulation. To address these challenges, this study systematically investigates the behavior of three-level PWM rectifiers implementing DPC algorithms under various unbalanced conditions, using a combination of simulation and hardware-in-the-loop experimentation.
Steady-state analysis demonstrates that DPC effectively maintains DC bus voltage stability, achieves low total harmonic distortion (THD) in line currents, and minimizes negative-sequence power oscillations even under unbalance ratios of up to 15%. Dynamic performance is examined through step load changes and voltage sags, revealing that DPC ensures rapid transient response, with active and reactive power tracking achieved within sub-cycle timescales, outperforming conventional voltage-oriented and PI-based control methods. The integration of feedforward compensation for negative-sequence voltage components further enhances robustness, mitigating oscillations in phase currents and maintaining high power quality metrics.
Comparative insights indicate that the proposed DPC implementation provides superior control of instantaneous power, improved harmonic performance, and enhanced system stability relative to previous studies (A. M. Razali, M.A. Rahman, and Glyn George, 2012; B. Kahia et al., 2015; Nian et al., 2015). Limitations arising from sensor noise, parameter variations, and computational resource constraints in FPGA-based implementations are critically discussed, highlighting areas for adaptive and predictive enhancement.
The findings substantiate the efficacy of DPC in industrial applications where unbalanced grid conditions are prevalent, offering a robust, fast-response, and power-quality-oriented control framework suitable for renewable integration, motor drives, and high-performance AC-DC conversion. This study contributes a rigorous evaluation methodology and actionable insights for advancing practical DPC implementations under realistic grid disturbances.
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References
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