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Fault-Tolerant FPGA-Based Architecture for Spaceborne Land Surface Temperature Retrieval Using Split-Window Radiometric Modeling Under Space Radiation Conditions
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Fault-tolerant FPGA
Land Surface Temperature
Split-window algorithm
Space radiation
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Abstract
Reliable retrieval of Land Surface Temperature (LST) from spaceborne sensors is a critical requirement for climate monitoring, environmental assessment, and Earth observation missions. However, onboard computation of LST using split-window radiometric algorithms is significantly challenged by space radiation effects, limited hardware resources, and reliability constraints in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). This paper proposes a fault-tolerant FPGA-based architecture optimized for radiation-prone space environments to enable robust, real-time LST retrieval using split-window techniques. The architecture integrates redundancy-aware computation strategies, error-resilient encoding mechanisms, and optimized hardware pipelines to maintain computational integrity under ionizing radiation conditions. Building upon established FPGA-based remote sensing systems and radiation-hardened design principles, the proposed framework enhances reliability without compromising computational efficiency.
The design is theoretically grounded in split-window thermal infrared radiometric modeling and radiation-hardened FPGA system design principles, incorporating insights from spaceborne imaging systems and adaptive reconfiguration methodologies. A key contribution is the integration of error correction strategies inspired by space-grade FPGA optimization techniques, including Reed-Solomon-based resilience mechanisms for mitigating transient faults in harsh environments (Almeida et al., 2007). The proposed system is further aligned with modern FPGA acceleration techniques used in Earth observation and AI-driven signal processing pipelines.
Results from analytical modeling demonstrate improved fault tolerance, reduced bit-flip sensitivity, and stable LST estimation accuracy under simulated radiation-induced perturbations. The proposed architecture is suitable for CubeSat and small satellite missions requiring lightweight, energy-efficient, and radiation-resilient onboard processing systems.
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