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Material and Geometrical Parameter Optimization of Single-Mode Fiber Optic Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors: A Performance Analysis
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Keywords
Surface plasmon resonance
single-mode fiber
sensor optimization
finite-difference time-domain
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Abstract
Single-mode fiber optic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors represent a transformative technology in high-sensitivity optical detection, capable of real-time, label-free measurement of chemical and biological analytes. Despite extensive development, the interdependence between material selection and geometrical design parameters remains insufficiently quantified, limiting practical sensor performance. This study presents a systematic optimization framework that integrates core material refractive index, metallic coating properties, and fiber geometrical modifications, including tapering and U-bent configurations. Utilizing finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations, the research quantifies resonance wavelength shifts, evanescent field penetration, and sensitivity enhancement across multiple design permutations. The analysis demonstrates that optimal core refractive indices and precisely controlled taper angles maximize plasmonic coupling efficiency, while metal film selection and thickness govern resonance sharpness and detection accuracy. Notably, U-bent fibers extend the interaction length, amplifying signal response without compromising spectral fidelity. Comparative evaluation of gold and silver coatings indicates a trade-off between stability and peak sensitivity, highlighting material-dependent design considerations. The study provides quantitative insights into resonance behavior, guiding sensor design for improved figure-of-merit (FOM) and operational robustness. These findings not only validate prior theoretical models but also establish actionable guidelines for engineering high-performance SPR sensors suitable for biomedical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and industrial applications, bridging the gap between simulation predictions and experimental feasibility (Al-Qazwini et al., 2013).
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