Enhanced Diffusion Recursive Least Squares Approach Utilizing Triangular Matrix Factorization for Distributed Systems
Downloads
Keywords
Article Usage Chart
Abstract
Distributed estimation and adaptive filtering play a pivotal role in modern large-scale networked systems, enabling robust signal processing under dynamic and uncertain environments. This study introduces an enhanced Diffusion Recursive Least Squares (D-RLS) framework leveraging triangular matrix factorization for distributed systems. The proposed approach integrates the stability and convergence benefits of triangular decomposition into classical D-RLS algorithms, thereby reducing computational complexity and improving network-wide estimation performance. Analytical derivations establish the theoretical foundation, while simulation studies demonstrate the superior convergence rate and resilience to noise and communication constraints. Comparative evaluation against standard diffusion strategies highlights significant improvements in stability and accuracy. The findings suggest that incorporating triangular factorization into distributed adaptive networks can substantially enhance multi-agent learning efficiency and resource utilization.
Downloads
References
1. S. A. Alghunaim and A. H. Sayed, “Distributed coupled multiagent stochastic optimization,” IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 175–190, Jan. 2020.
2. J. Chen and A. H. Sayed, “Diffusion adaptation strategies for distributed optimization and learning over networks,” IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 60, no. 8, pp. 4289–4305, Aug. 2012.
3. D. Jin, J. Chen, C. Richard, J. Chen, and A. H. Sayed, “Affine combination of diffusion strategies over networks,” IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 68, pp. 2087–2104, 2020.
4. V. Djigan and V. Kurganov, “Antenna arrays calibration using recursive least squares adaptive filtering algorithms based on inverse QR decomposition,” in 2020 IEEE East-West Design & Test Symposium (EWDTS), Sep. 2020, pp. 1–5.
5. W. Gao, J. Chen, and C. Richard, “Transient theoretical analysis of diffusion RLS algorithm for cyclostationary colored inputs,” IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 28, pp. 1160–1164, 2021.
6. W. Gao, J. Chen, C. Richard, W. Shi, and Q. Zhang, “Transient analysis of clustered multitask diffusion RLS algorithm,” in ICASSP 2022 -2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), May 2022, pp. 5962–5966.
7. V. C. Gogineni and M. Chakraborty, “Partial diffusion affine projection algorithm over clustered multitask networks,” in 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), May 2019, pp. 1–5.
8. H. Han, S. Zhang, and H. Liang, “Non‐parametric variable step‐size diffusion LMS algorithm over adaptive networks,” Electronics Letters, vol. 53, no. 12, pp. 768–770, Jun. 2017.
9. S. Xie and L. Guo, “Analysis of distributed adaptive filters based on diffusion strategies over sensor networks,” IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 63, no. 11, pp. 3643–3658, Nov. 2018.
10. T. G. Miller, S. Xu, R. C. de Lamare, and H. V. Poor, “Distributed spectrum estimation based on alternating mixed discrete-continuous adaptation,” IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 551–555, Apr. 2016.
11. R. Nassif, C. Richard, J. Chen, and A. H. Sayed, “Distributed diffusion adaptation over graph signals,” in 2018 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Apr. 2018, pp. 4129–4133.
12. R. Merched, “Optimal diffusion learning over networks-part I: Single-task algorithms,” IEEE Open Journal of Signal Processing, vol. 3, pp. 107–127, 2022.
13. R. Merched, “Optimal diffusion learning over networks-part II: Multitask algorithms,” IEEE Open Journal of Signal Processing, vol. 3, pp. 128–139, 2022.
14. A. M. Riyad, M. S. I. Ahmed, and R. L. R. Khan, “An adaptive distributed intrusion detection system architecture using multi agents,” International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 4951–4960, Dec. 2019.
15. Rastegarnia, “Reduced-communication diffusion RLS for distributed estimation over multi-agent networks,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 177–181, Jan. 2020.
16. H. Sayed, “Adaptive networks,” in Proceedings of the IEEE, Apr. 2014, vol. 102, no. 4, pp. 460–497.
17. H. Sayed, S.-Y. Tu, J. Chen, X. Zhao, and Z. J. Towfic, “Diffusion strategies for adaptation and learning over networks: an examination of distributed strategies and network behavior,” IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 155–171, May 2013.
18. S. Scardapane, M. Scarpiniti, D. Comminiello, and A. Uncini, “Diffusion spline adaptive filtering,” in 2016 24th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), Aug. 2016, pp. 1498–1502.
19. S. Sitjongsataporn, “Diffusion hammerstein spline adaptive filtering based on orthogonal gradient adaptive algorithm,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 57398–57412, 2022.
20. S. Sitjongsataporn and P. Nurarak, “A modified adaptive step-size affine projection algorithm based on QR-decomposition,” in 2017 International Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON), Mar. 2017, pp. 1–4.
21. S. Sitjongsataporn, S. Prongnuch, and T. Wiangtong, “An adaptive inverse square-root affine projection sign algorithm based on QR-decomposition,” in 2020 International Conference on Power, Energy and Innovations (ICPEI), Oct. 2020, pp. 161–164.
22. S. Sitjongsataporn, S. Prongnuch, and T. Wiangtong, “Diffusion affine projection sign algorithm based on QR-decomposition,” in 2021 9th International Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON), Mar. 2021, pp. 373–376.
23. S. Sitjongsataporn, S. Prongnuch, and T. Wiangtong, “Diffusion inverse square-root recursive least square-based algorithm with adaptive network,” in 2021 18th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON), May 2021, pp. 709–712.
24. J.-H. Seo, S. M. Jung, and P. Park, “Diffusion proportionate affine projection sign algorithm for distributed estimation over network,” in 2017 14th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON), Jun. 2017, pp. 636–639.
25. Y. Yu, H. Zhao, R. C. de Lamare, Y. Zakharov, and L. Lu, “Robust distributed diffusion recursive least squares algorithms with side information for adaptive networks,” IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 67, no. 6, pp. 1566–1581, Mar. 2019.
26. J. You, Z. Zhang, F. Zhang, and W. Wu, “Cooperative filtering and parameter identification for advection–diffusion processes using a mobile sensor network,” IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, pp. 1–16, 2022.