Articles
A Framework for Energy-Aware Reliable Routing in Wireless Body Area Networks
Downloads
Keywords
Wireless Body Area Networks
Energy-Aware Routing
Reliable Communication
Clustering Protocols
Article Usage Statistics
Live Metrics
Abstract Views
260
File Views
95
PDF
0
HTML
0
Other
95
Total
355
Article Usage Chart
Abstract
File Views
PDF
HTML
Other
Total
Abstract
Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) have emerged as a critical technology for continuous health monitoring, enabling real-time data acquisition from wearable and implantable sensors. However, the inherent energy constraints of sensor nodes and the need for reliable data delivery present significant challenges for long-term WBAN operation. This study proposes a comprehensive framework for energy-aware reliable routing, integrating adaptive clustering, MAC-layer optimization, and QoS-based route selection to address the trade-off between energy efficiency and network reliability. The framework leverages dynamic cluster head rotation and priority-based scheduling to minimize idle listening and balance energy consumption across nodes. Simultaneously, QoS-aware routing ensures high packet delivery ratios and low latency, which are critical for healthcare applications. Performance evaluation, synthesized from existing literature, demonstrates a 30–40% reduction in energy consumption, a 25% increase in network lifetime, and a notable improvement in packet delivery reliability compared to conventional LEACH-based protocols. The framework’s cross-layer approach provides a holistic solution, enhancing both energy sustainability and operational reliability of WBANs. These findings indicate significant potential for real-world applications, particularly in long-term patient monitoring, implantable devices, and wearable healthcare technologies, where uninterrupted data transmission is essential. The proposed framework also lays the groundwork for future integration of machine learning-based predictive routing, further optimizing energy utilization while maintaining high-quality service delivery.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
1. S. H. Gupta, R. . Singh, J. Bodi, and D. Chandhok, “Evaluation and analysis of energy efficient extension to LEACH protocol for WSN,” in 2015 IEEE Power, Communication and Information Technology Conference (PCITC), Oct. 2015, pp. 686–690, 10.1109/PCITC.2015.7438084.
2. W. Abushiba, P. Johnson, S. Alharthi, and C. Wright, “An energy efficient and adaptive clustering for wireless sensor network (CH-LEACH) using LEACH protocol,” in 2017 13th International Computer Engineering Conference (ICENCO), Dec. 2017, pp. 50–54, 10.1109/ICENCO.2017.8289762.
3. A. M. Ali, M. A. Ngadi, R. Sham, and I. I. Al_Barazanchi, “Enhanced QoS routing protocol for an unmanned ground vehicle, based on the ACO approach,” Sensors, vol. 23, no. 3, Jan. 2023, 10.3390/s23031431.
4. A. S. Abiodun, M. H. Anisi, I. Ali, A. Akhunzada, and M. K. Khan, “Reducing power consumption in wireless body area networks: a novel data segregation and classification technique,” IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 38–47, Oct. 2017, 10.1109/MCE.2017.2715518.
5. A. Darwish and A. E. Hassanien, “Wearable and implantable wireless sensor network solutions for healthcare monitoring,” Sensors, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 5561–5595, May 2011, 10.3390/s110605561.
6. P. Choudhary, S. A. Yadav, A. P. Srivastava, A. Singh, and S. Sharma, “A system for remote monitoring of patient body parameters,” in Proceedings of International Conference on Technological Advancements and Innovations, ICTAI 2021, Nov. 2021, pp. 238–243, 10.1109/ICTAI53825.2021.9673325.
7. S. chaturvedi and N. Parveen, “Comparative analysis on energy-efficient data aggregation methods in wireless sensor network,” SSRN Electronic Journal, 2021, 10.2139/ssrn.3882403.
8. B. Mahapatra and A. Datta, “A review paper on routing protocols in wireless body area sensor networks,” International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 10.17577/IJERTCONV4IS28007.
9. C. Habib, A. Makhoul, R. Darazi, and R. Couturier, “Real-time sampling rate adaptation based on continuous risk level evaluation in wireless body sensor networks,” 2017 IEEE 13th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob), Rome, Italy, 2017, pp. 1-8, 10.1109/WiMOB.2017.8115777.
10. S. H. Gupta, R. . Singh, J. Bodi, and D. Chandhok, “Evaluation and analysis of energy efficient extension to LEACH protocol for WSN,” in 2015 IEEE Power, Communication and Information Technology Conference (PCITC), Oct. 2015, pp. 686–690, 10.1109/PCITC.2015.7438084.
11. K. Guo and S. A. S. Syed, “Energy efficiency based lifetime improvement for wireless body area network,” IET Communications, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 795–802, Mar. 2022, 10.1049/cmu2.12381.
12. A. K. Jacob and L. Jacob, “Energy efficient MAC for QoS traffic in wireless body area network,” International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, vol. 2015, no. 2, Feb. 2015, 10.1155/2015/404182.
13. A. Khanna, V. Chaudhary, and S. H. Gupta, “Design and analysis of energy efficient wireless body area network (WBAN) for health monitoring,” in Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), vol. 10990, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018, pp. 25–39.
14. Z. A. Jaaz, I. Y. Khudhair, H. S. Mehdy, and I. Al Barazanchi, “Imparting full-duplex wireless cellular communication in 5G network using apache spark engine,” in International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Informatics (EECSI), Oct. 2021, pp. 123–129, 10.23919/EECSI53397.2021.9624283.
15. J. Elias, “Optimal design of energy-efficient and cost-effective wireless body area networks,” Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 13, pp. 560–574, Feb. 2014, 10.1016/j.adhoc.2013.10.010.
16. R. Brugarolas, S. Yuschak, D. Adin, D. L. Roberts, B. L. Sherman, and A. Bozkurt, “Simultaneous monitoring of canine heart rate and respiratory patterns during scent detection tasks,” IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 1454–1462, Feb. 2019, 10.1109/JSEN.2018.2883066.
17. M. Kaushik, S. H. Gupta, and V. Balyan, “Evaluating threshold distance by using eigen values and analyzing its impact on the performance of WBAN,” in 2019 6th International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks, Mar. 2019, pp. 864–867, 10.1109/SPIN.2019.8711666.
18. R. Negra, I. Jemili, and A. Belghith, “Wireless body area networks: applications and technologies,” Procedia Computer Science, vol. 83, pp. 1274–1281, 2016, 10.1016/j.procs.2016.04.266.
19. B. Mehmood and F. Aadil, “An efficient clustering technique for wireless body area networks based on dragonfly optimization,”Internet of Things in Business Transformation: Developing an Engineering and Business Strategy for Industry 5.0. Wiley, pp. 27–42, Jan. 2021, 10.1002/9781119711148.ch3.
20. G. Newell and G. Vejarano, “Human-motion based transmission power control in wireless body area networks,” in 2016 IEEE 3rd World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), Dec. 2016, pp. 277–282, 10.1109/WF-IoT.2016.7845404.
21. S. S. Oleiwi, G. N. Mohammed, and I. Al-Barazanchi, “Mitigation of packet loss with end-to-end delay in wireless body area network applications,” International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 460–470, Feb. 2022, 10.11591/ijece.v12i1.pp460-470.
22. M. Roy, C. Chowdhury, and N. Aslam, “Designing an energy efficient WBAN routing protocol,” in 2017 9th International Conference on Communication Systems and Networks (COMSNETS), Jan. 2017, pp. 298–305, 10.1109/COMSNETS.2017.7945390.
23. S. E. Pradha, A. Moshika, B. Natarajan, K. Andal, G. Sambasivam, and M. Shanmugam, “Scheduled access strategy for improving sensor node battery life time and delay analysis of wireless body area network,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 3459–3468, 2022, 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3139663.
24. B. M. Sahoo, A. D. Gupta, S. A. Yadav, and S. Gupta, “ESRA: enhanced stable routing algorithm for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks,” in 2019 International Conference on Automation, Computational and Technology Management, ICACTM 2019, Apr. 2019, pp. 148–152, 10.1109/ICACTM.2019.8776740.
25. H. R. Abdulshaheed, Z. T. Yaseen, A. M. Salman, and I. Al-Barazanchi, “A survey on the use of WiMAX and Wi-Fi on vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs),” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 870, no. 1, p. 12122, Jun. 2020, 10.1088/1757-899X/870/1/012122.