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Optimization of Harmonic Current Mitigation in Variable Speed Drives Using Space Vector and Hybrid Pulse Width Modulation Techniques
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Variable speed drives
harmonic mitigation
space vector PWM
hybrid PWM
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Abstract
Harmonic currents generated by variable speed drives (VSDs) pose significant challenges in power quality, affecting system efficiency, thermal performance, and the operational lifespan of electrical machines. Conventional modulation techniques, including sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) and standalone space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM), often fail to simultaneously minimize total harmonic distortion (THD) and torque ripple, particularly under variable load conditions. This study presents a comprehensive analysis and optimization framework for harmonic current mitigation in VSDs through the integration of hybrid pulse width modulation (HPWM) and SVPWM strategies. The proposed approach leverages the adaptive capabilities of hybrid PWM to complement SVPWM’s optimal vector selection, achieving enhanced waveform fidelity and reduced harmonic content. Detailed simulations and experimental validations were conducted using multilevel inverter topologies, including unipolar, bipolar, and staircase-modulated schemes. Results indicate a significant reduction in THD, improved torque ripple characteristics, and enhanced overall drive efficiency, while maintaining system stability under dynamic load variations. Comparative evaluation with traditional PWM methods demonstrates that the hybrid SVPWM framework provides superior performance in both low- and medium-voltage applications. The findings underscore the potential of adaptive hybrid modulation strategies for advanced industrial VSDs and pave the way for further integration with intelligent control algorithms to optimize power quality in smart electrical grids and renewable energy systems.
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