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Adaptive Control Framework for Smooth Transitions Between Grid-Connected and Islanded Microgrid Operations
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Keywords
Adaptive control
microgrid
grid-connected
islanded mode
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Abstract
The increasing integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) into modern power systems has led to the widespread adoption of microgrids, which offer enhanced reliability, operational flexibility, and resilience against grid disturbances. Microgrids can operate in both grid-connected and islanded modes, but the transition between these modes poses significant technical challenges. Sudden mode switching can result in voltage and frequency instabilities, increased total harmonic distortion (THD), and disruption of sensitive loads, which can compromise system reliability and power quality (I.Alhamrouni, 2019). Traditional droop-based and fixed-parameter controllers often fail to provide smooth and adaptive operation under varying load and generation conditions, highlighting the need for advanced control strategies. This study proposes an Adaptive Control Framework designed to ensure seamless transitions between grid-connected and islanded microgrid operations while simultaneously mitigating harmonic distortions and maintaining system stability. The framework integrates hierarchical control, predictive load management, and real-time monitoring to dynamically adjust inverter setpoints and synchronization parameters during mode switching. Simulation studies are conducted on a microgrid model incorporating photovoltaic, wind, and energy storage systems under diverse load scenarios and unbalanced conditions. Results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive approach achieves superior voltage and frequency regulation, reduced THD, and improved load sharing compared to conventional control schemes. The findings indicate that the framework not only enhances operational reliability but also ensures uninterrupted power supply and power quality compliance during both planned and unplanned islanding events. This research contributes to bridging the gap between theoretical microgrid control methods and practical, implementable solutions, offering a robust strategy for real-world deployment in inverter-dominated microgrids. The proposed framework is particularly relevant for regions with weak or unstable grids, where seamless microgrid operation is critical to ensuring energy security and resilience.
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